105. If a pharmacist incorporates 1 pint of Alcohol USP into 5 L of a mouthwash formula that was initially labeled as 10% V/V, what would be the percentage of alcohol present in the resulting mixture?
a- 14.34 %
b- 17.34 %
c- 19.68 %
d- 22.43 %
e- 24.40 %
Solution:
First of all, let's know something about Alcohol USP;
Alcohol USP (United States Pharmacopeia) refers to a specific grade of alcohol that is used for medicinal purposes, such as for use as an antiseptic or as a solvent in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. The concentration of alcohol in Alcohol USP is typically 95% ethanol by volume, which means that it contains 95% ethanol and 5% water.
So, Alcohol USP is 95% Alcohol.
In the question it is 1 pint of Alcohol USP, so we need to find out the amount of alcohol in 1 pint of Alcohol USP;
1 pint = 473.18 ml
So, (95ml / 100ml) x 473.18 ml = 449.521 ml
Thus, 1 pint of Alcohol USP contains 449.521 ml of alcohol.
Now we need to find out the amount of alcohol in 5 L of 10% V/V;
10% V/V means 10 ml alcohol is there in 100 ml of solution;
so, in 5 L (5000ml) of solution, how much alcohol?
(10 ml / 100 ml) x 5000 ml = 500 ml
so 500 ml of alcohol is there in 5 L of 10% V/V solution.
After adding 1 pint of Alcohol USP into 5 L of 10% V/V formula;
The total volume of alcohol becomes;
449.521 ml + 500 ml = 949.521 ml
The total volume of the mixture becomes;
473.18 ml + 5000 ml = 5473.18 ml
Now lets calculate the percentage of alcohol present in the resulting mixture;
826. 40 grams of a drug is added into 30 ml of a solvent. The density of the solvent is 1.5. What will be the concentration of the drug in the final product?
a- 26 %
b- 30 %
c- 40 %
d- 47 %
e- 60 %
Step-by-step solution:
To calculate the concentration of the drug in the final product, we first need to determine the mass of the solvent. We can use the formula:
mass = volume × density
Given the density of the solvent is 1.5 g/mL, we can calculate the mass of the solvent as follows:
mass = 30 mL × 1.5 g/mL = 45 g
Now, we have;
mass of the drug = 40 g
mass of the solvent = 45 g
To find the concentration of the drug, we need to find the mass fraction, which is the ratio of the mass of the drug to the total mass of the mixture. The formula for mass fraction is:
mass fraction = mass of drug / (mass of drug + mass of solvent)
Using our values:
mass fraction = 40 g / (40 g + 45 g) = 40 g / 85 g
So the mass fraction of the drug is:
mass fraction = 40 g / 85 g ≈ 0.4706
To express the concentration as a percentage, simply multiply the mass fraction by 100:
905. How much of a 2% stock solution of a certified green dye should be used to prepare 6000 milliliters of a mouthwash that is to contain 2:20,000 w/v of the certified green dye as the coloring agent?
a- 10 milliliters
b- 20 milliliters
c- 30 milliliters
d- 60 milliliters
e- 120 milliliters
Simple Solution:
2:20,000 w/v means 0.01%
6000 milliliters / 2 x 0.01 = 30 milliliters
Detailed Solution:
To calculate the amount of the 2% stock solution of certified green dye needed, we can use the dilutions formula:
C1V1 = C2V2
where,
C1 is the concentration of the stock solution,
V1 is the volume of the stock solution to be used, C2 is the desired concentration of the dye in the mouthwash,
and V2 is the final volume of the mouthwash.
First, we need to convert the desired concentration of the dye in the mouthwash from w/v (weight/volume) to percent.
2:20,000 w/v means 2 grams of dye in 20,000 milliliters of the solution, or 0.01% (2/20,000 x 100%) concentration.
Now we can plug in the values:
C1 = 2%
V1 = ?
C2 = 0.01%
V2 = 6000 mL
2% V1 = 0.01% x 6000 mL
V1 = (0.01/2) x 6000
V1 = 30 mL
Therefore, we need to use 30 mL of the 2% stock solution of certified green dye to prepare 6000 milliliters of mouthwash that contain 2:20,000 w/v of the dye as the coloring agent.
Oman Prometric Exam Preparation Materials are arranged into the following 3 portions. Going through all of these files at least will make you able to clear the exam.
861. A graft between individuals that belongs to different species is referred to as;
a- allograft
b- isograft
c- xenograft
d- autograft
e- homograft
862. From the suggested choices, choose the one that correctly reflects the ionic changes which will result from the impaired functioning of the plasma membrane Na-K-ATPase pump;
a- increased Na+ inside the cell and decreased K+ outside the cell
b- increased Na+ inside the cell and increased K+ outside the cell
c- decreased Na+ inside the cell and increased K+ outside the cell
d- increased Na+ outside the cell and decreased K+ inside the cell
e- increased Na+ outside the cell and increased K+ inside the cell
863. Identify the lipoprotein that is largest in size?
a- ULDL
b- VLDL
c- IDL
d- LDL
e- HDL
864. Hard gelatin capsules are available in how many sizes?
a- 4
b- 5
c- 6
d- 7
e- 8
865. Regarding the anatomy and physiology of the heart, choose the one statement that is NOT CORRECT;
a- ventricular myocardium is thicker as compared to the atrial myocardium
b- depolarization of the SA node involves the influx of calcium ions
c- electrical activity in the heart starts with depolarization of the AV node
d- Purkinje fibers are specialized in the fast conduction of electrical impulses
e- the natural pacemaker of the heart is the SA node
866. P-wave on ECG represents;
a- atrial depolarization
b- atrial repolarization
c- major ventricular depolarization
d- basal ventricular depolarization
e- ventricular repolarization
867. The temperature and time requirement in vat pasteurization is;
a- 42°C for 15 minutes
b- 63°C for 30 minutes
c- 68°C for 15 minutes
d- 100°C for 1 minute
e- 72°C for 15 seconds
868. A cell will become swollen and finally burst when placed in a;
a- saturated solution
b- hypertonic solution
c- hypotonic solution
d- isotonic solution
e- supersaturated solution
869. A solution that contains gas as solute and liquid or solid as solvent is called as;
a- aerosol
b- suspension
c- foam
d- gel
e- colloid
870. The nitrogenous base cytosine in nucleic acids is paired with its complementary base guanine through;
a- single covalent bond
b- carbon-carbon double bond
c- carbon-carbon triple bond
d- double hydrogen bonds
e- triple hydrogen bonds
871. Apart from the active ingredient(s), vaccines contain very small amounts of other ingredients as excipients. The excipients that help create a stronger immune response in the recipient of the vaccine are called as;
a- stabilizers
b- adjuvants
c- cell culture materials
d- residual antibiotics
e- mRNA
872. The main part of the brain that is responsible for the maintenance of posture and balance is;
a- pons
b- medulla
c- cerebrum
d- cerebellum
e- cerebral cortex
873. One normal cardiac cycle consists of complete contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles. This cycle lasts for approximately how much time?
a- 0.2 seconds
b- 0.8 seconds
c- 2 seconds
d- 8 seconds
e- 60 seconds
874. Point out the statement from the following that is NOT CORRECT in relevance to creams vs. ointment comparison?
a- creams contain more water as compared to ointments
b- ointments feel more greasy on the skin than creams
c- ointments are preferred over creams in case of dry skin
d- the onset of action of ointment is slower than cream
e- creams are preferred over ointments for small skin surface area application
875. The only amino acid in which instead of the side chain R-group, a simple hydrogen atom is present is;
a- alanine
b- glycine
c- leucine
d- proline
e- valine
876. During normal aerobic cellular respiration, maximum how many ATP molecules are produced from a single molecule of glucose?
a- 6
b- 10
c- 16
d- 38
e- 56
877. Comparing characteristics of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the statement that is NOT CORRECT is;
a- g+ve bacteria have more lipids in their cell wall
b- the toxins produced by g+ve bacteria are primarily exotoxins
c- lipopolysaccharides content is higher in g-ve bacteria
d- peptidoglycan layer is thicker in g+ve bacteria
e- porins proteins are present in g-ve bacteria
878. An example of an inorganic solvent is;
a- methanol
b- ethyl acetate
c- ammonia
d- diethyl ether
e- chloroform
879. The veracity of which one statement among the following is doubtful?
a- heparin is produced both by basophils and mast cells in our bodies
b- insulin and glucagon function opposite to each other
c- disintegration test does not apply to capsules
d- antibodies contain disulfide bonds in their structure
e- alcohol and fatty acids combination yields waxes
880. On ECG, the corresponding waveform is masked for;
842. Each of the below given oral antidiabetics is an insulin secretagogue except;
a- rosiglitazone
b- tolbutamide
c- chlorpropamide
d- repaglinide
e- glimepiride
843. Which one among the following is the cause of the hallmark symptom of 'fruity odor breath'?
a- acute alcohol consumption
b- halothane toxicity
c- diabetic ketoacidosis
d- grapefruit juice interaction with a STATIN
e- pancreatitis
844. St. John's wort is used for the treatment of;
a- absence seizures
b- Alzheimer's disease
c- malaria
d- mild to moderate depression
e- bacterial infections of the abdomen
845. The type of emulsion produced with lecithin is;
a- oil in water
b- water in oil
c- oil in water in oil
d- water in oil in water
e- both a and b
846. Local anesthetics produce their desired pharmacological effect by interfering with neuronal impulse conduction through;
a- inhibiting efflux of potassium ions
b- inhibiting influx of sodium ions
c- stimulating chloride ions influx
d- inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase pump
e- GABA receptor stimulation
847. The correct formula for the calculation of the friability test of tablets is;
a- (W1−W2)×100
b- (W2−W1)×100
c- (W1−W2)÷W1×100
d- (W2−W1)÷W2×100
e- W1÷W2×100
848. People that are older than 50 years have a decreased ability to absorb one of the following vitamins and therefore should be encouraged to supplement it in order for their bodies to have the required levels;
a- thiamine
b- pantothenic acid
c- vitamin B9
d- cobalamin
e- ascorbic acid
849. How many oxygen molecules can be carried by a single molecule of hemoglobin?
a- only one
b- two
c- three
d- four
e- sixteen
850. As a side effect, constipation can occur with:
a- anticholinergic drugs
b- opioids
c- oral iron
d- bile acid sequestrants
e- all of the above
851. The recommended daily intake (RDI) of folate (vitamin B9) for adults is;
a- 50 micrograms
b- 250 micrograms
c- 400 micrograms
d- 1 milligram
e- 2 milligrams
852. The IDEAL properties of an ANTACID include all of the following except one. Identify which one?
a- it should not produce CO2
b- it should be orally absorbable
c- it should not cause laxation or constipation
d- it should be insoluble and rapidly neutralize acid
e- it should not cause systemic alkalosis
853. The property that is NOT exhibited by flocculated suspensions is;
a- forms soft cake
b- forms non-porous sediment
c- the rate of sedimentation is high
d- the sediment can be easily re-dispersed by agitation
e- the volume of sediment is high
854. A DVT patient is to be given heparin. The available product in pharmacy is the 500 ml bag of heparin infusion solution that contains 100 IU per ml. The weight of the patient is 80 kg and she should receive 18 units/kg/hour as per the order of the medical practitioner. How many milliliters of this solution should the patient receive in two hours?
a- 14.4
b- 28.8
c- 100
d- 250
e- 500
855. In sugar-coating of tablets, primarily which sugar is used?
a- mannitol
b- lactose
c- sucrose
d- maltose
e- glucose
856. A critical cardiac patient is admitted to the hospital whose cholesterol level is being checked and is found to be 6.4 millimoles per liter. Convert this cholesterol level into mg/dL given the molecular weight of cholesterol is 387.
a- 0.2477 mg/dL
b- 2.4768 mg/dL
c- 24.768 mg/dL
d- 247.68 mg/dL
e- 2476.8 mg/dL
857. Milk of magnesia is;
a- magnesium hydroxide
b- magnesium oxide
c- magnesium carbonate
d- magnesium chloride
e- magnesium iodide
858. Substances that absorb moisture from the atmosphere gets dissolved in the absorbed moisture and forms aqueous solution are termed as;
a- hydrophilic
b- efflorescent
c- hygroscopic
d- humectant
e- deliquescent
859. A 45-year-old lady is hospitalized for a certain ailment. She weighs 90 kilos and her serum creatinine was found to be 0.4 mg/dL. Find out the creatinine clearance?
a- 180 ml/min
b- 252 ml/min
c- 297 ml/min
d- 328 ml/min
e- 360 ml/min
860. Systemic antacids get absorbed from the GIT and will produce systemic alkalosis. The example of systemic antacids is;
Note:Answer keys are given at the end of the MCQs.
821. The oxidation of secondary alcohols yields;
a- amine
b- ketone
c- ester
d- amide
e- aldehyde
822. The statement that is NOT correct about the pathophysiological condition of 'hyperthyroidism' is;
a- fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and weight loss are some of its symptoms
b- TSH blood levels below normal affirms its diagnosis
c- radioactive iodine-131 effectively treats this condition
d- antithyroid propylthiouracil is safe in the first trimester of pregnancy
e- it is more common in men than in women
823. All of the following are cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors except one?
a- ketoconazole
b- smoking
c- verapamil
d- grapefruit juice
e- ciprofloxacin
824. In an RNA strand, if the base sequence is UGC, what will be the complementary pair for this base sequence?
a- CGU
b- GUT
c- ACG
d- TCG
e- TAU
825. Buccal method of pharmaceuticals administration involves placing the medicament;
a- under the tongue
b- over the tongue
c- between gums and cheek
d- in the mouth in general
e- in the throat
826. 40 grams of a drug is added into 30 ml of a solvent. The density of the solvent is 1.5. What will be the concentration of the drug in the final product?
a- 26 %
b- 30 %
c- 40 %
d- 47 %
e- 60 %
827. The endocrine gland that regulates the blood calcium levels is;
a- pituitary gland
b- thyroid gland
c- parathyroid gland
d- adrenal gland
e- thymus gland
828. A patient comes to the pharmacy with a complaint of acne to which you as a pharmacist suggest adapalene 0.1%. What will be the most appropriate information to be given to the patient regarding the use of this product?
a- use the product every other day because of its irritating properties
b- avoid contact with hair as it can promote hair-fall
c- avoid contact with clothes because of its staining properties
d- avoid exposure to sunlight or use sunscreen if used in the daytime
e- apply only to the acne spots and not on the entire face
829. Any compound containing one of the following organic groups will make that compound more lipophilic in nature;
a- O
b- SH
c- COOH
d- R-H
e- NH
830. How many grams of sodium chloride are there in 30 millimoles of NaCl, given the molecular weight of NaCl as 58.5?
a- 58.5
b- 30
c- 15
d- 2
e- 1.755
831. The phenomenon of weight gain can occur due to;
a- increased appetite
b- fluid retention
c- slowed metabolism
d- increased fat storage
e- any of the above
832. The statement that is incorrect about ethanol is;
833. The reaction between any alcohol and carboxylic acid will give rise to;
a- amine
b- amide
c- ester
d- ketone
e- aldehyde
834. The medical term 'hypercapnia' means;
a- rapid breathing
b- elevated blood CO2 levels
c- increased serum calcium levels
d- increasing difficulty in breathing
e- higher than normal blood pH
835. If a pharmacist adds 500 ml of 10% glucose solution into a liter of distilled water. What will be the final concentration of glucose in the resulting solution?
a- 2 %
b- 3.33 %
c- 5 %
d- 6.66%
e- 10 %
836. One US gallon is equivalent to how many milliliters?
a- 2000
b- 2875
c- 3785
d- 4546
e- 5000
837. Which vitamin(s) can be made by the human body?
a- niacin
b- vitamin D3
c- vitamin C
d- all of the above
e- both a and b
838. Chemically, the nucleus of beta-lactam antibiotics is;
a- cyclic amine
b- cyclic aldehyde
c- cyclic amide
d- cyclic ether
e- cyclic ester
839. The body part that normally has the lowest of pH is?
a- cerebrospinal fluid
b- vagina
c- semen
d- pancreas
e- urine
840. The saltiness of a compound is due to the presence of;
Note:Answer keys are given at the end of the MCQs.
801. Let's consider a hypothetical scenario in which a patient is prescribed to take 50mEq of a compound for the management of a certain medical condition. If the molecular weight of this compound is 100 and the valence is 2, how much of this compound should be dispensed to the patient from a pharmacy?
a- 50 mg
b- 100 mg
c- 500 mg
d- 2500 mg
e- 5000 mg
802. A new drug is being tested for its effectiveness against a certain disease through a randomized controlled trial. It has been found that the disease complicates by 10% in the intervention group and by 30% in the controlled group. Calculated the relative risk reduction with this new drug?
a- 20%
b- 10%
c- 33%
d- 40%
e- 67%
803. Isomers that are neither the mirror images of each other and nor are superimposable are referred to as;
a- enantiomers
b- diastereomers
c- meso isomers
d- stereoisomers
e- chain isomers
804. If a compound has 2 chiral centers, how many optical isomers are possible for this particular compound?
a- none
b- one
c- two
d- three
e- four
805. In a randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of one year, a serious side effect is being observed with the conventional therapy for a certain disease in 1 percent of the study group while with a newly discovered drug only 0.5 percent of the group experience the same side effect. Calculate NNT (i.e the minimum number of patients that must be treated for a year with the novel drug so that at least one patient is benefited from the therapy)?
a- 10
b- 20
c- 100
d- 200
e- 2000
806. A combination product of buprenorphine and naloxone is prescribed for the management of opioid misuse syndrome. How buprenorphine works in this combo to achieve the desired goal?
a- kappa receptor weak antagonism
b- mu receptor strong agonism
c- kappa receptor strong agonism
d- mu receptor partial agonism
e- both a and d
807. Winter-Tozer equation is used in patients of hypoalbuminemia for the dose adjustment of;
a- haloperidol
b- halothane
c- phenytoin
d- phenobarbital
e- doxorubicin
808. Figure out the WRONG statement from among the following;
a- omeprazole is used in the treatment of indigestion
b- the majority of urinary tract infections are caused by E. coli
c- oil of citronella is used as an insect repellent
d- walking is an example of weight-bearing exercise
e- pharmaceutical packaging materials do not require quality control tests
809. Medication that can contribute to urinary incontinence in a geriatric patient is;
a- bumetanide
b- verapamil
c- lisinopril
d- digoxin
e- memantine
810. Calculate the steady-state concentration of an intravenously administered drug if its rate of infusion is 800 mg every 8 hours and the rate of clearance is 8 liters per hour?
a- 12.5 mg/L
b- 25 mg/L
c- 100 mg/L
d- 125 mg/L
e- 250 mg/L
811. A 40-year-old diabetic woman is using glipizide as part of her antidiabetic therapy. Recently she has been diagnosed with urinary tract infection for which the doctor prescribed cotrimoxazole. As a pharmacist, is there anything to be concerned about the medications that she is going to take?
a- no need to worry, the prescription is safe to administer
b- cotrimoxazole can increase the hypoglycemic effect of glipizide
c- glipizide reduces the therapeutic efficacy of cotrimoxazole
d- just switch glipizide to glimepiride, rest is all right
e- cotrimoxazole is contraindicated in diabetic patients
812. Clopidogrel should not be given along with one of the following proton pump inhibitors as there is an interaction between the two which renders the clopidogrel ineffective;
a- omeprazole
b- rabeprazole
c- lansoprazole
d- pantoprazole
e- all PPIs are contraindicated with clopidogrel
813. Hyperkalemia can put a patient at the risk for;
a- muscles wasting
b- hemolysis
c- thromboembolism
d- cardiac arrhythmias
e- hypotension
814. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) class of anti-depressants should not be discontinued abruptly as they will cause the withdrawal syndrome. But there is one SSRI that is an exception to this rule. Identify which one?
a- paroxetine
b- citalopram
c- fluoxetine
d- escitalopram
e- dapoxetine
815. Hyperventilation is a condition in which one is breathing very fast. This can lead to;
a- no change in blood CO2 levels and pH
b- rise in blood CO2 levels with lowering of pH
c- rise in blood CO2 levels with an elevation of pH
d- lowered blood CO2 levels with a drop in pH
e- lowered blood CO2 levels with rising in pH
816. The last resort antipsychotic (i.e. patients who fail to get useful results with other antipsychotics) is;
a- risperidone
b- clozapine
c- olanzapine
d- quetiapine
e- haloperidol
817. The main toxicity of methanol is due to the formation of which toxic metabolite?
a- oxalic acid
b- formic acid
c- lactic acid
d- acetic acid
e- trichloromathanol
818. A patient weighing 180 pounds is to be given IV infusion of a medicine for over 6 hours. The target plasma concentration is 16 mg/dL. Knowing the half-life of this medicine to be 4 hours and the apparent volume of distribution to be 6 liters, the rate of infusion for this patient will be;
a- 166.32 mg/hr
b- 96.4 mg/hr
c- 364.8 mg/hr
d- 238.92 mg/hr
e- 16.0 mg/hr
819. To a Parkinson's disease patient one of the following medications is not recommended as it can worsen the disease status;
a- benztropine
b- olanzapine
c- magnesium supplements
d- MAO inhibitors
e- galantamine
820. Dopamine exerts dose-dependent effects. At 2 micrograms, it will produce the effect of;
How to calculate the percentage concentration of a drug in a certain formulation. The following video tries to solve and explain this with a problem...
