1. Aminopenicillins are widely used in the treatment of respiratory infections.
2. Amoxicillin is employed prophylactically by dentists in high-risk patients for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis.
3. Resistance to amino-penicillins is a major clinical problem because of inactivation by plasmid-mediated penicillinases.
4. To overcome the resistance encountered by amino-penicillins, they can be formulated along with the β-lactamase inhibitors, such as amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and ampicillin+sulbactam. Such formulations will protect these amino-penicillins from enzymatic hydrolysis and extends their antimicrobial spectra.
5. Penicillins, particularly methicillin, have the potential to cause acute interstitial nephritis. Methicillin is therefore no longer used clinically except in laboratory tests to identify resistant strains of S. aureus.
6. Piperacillin and ticarcillin are called antipseudomonal penicillins because of their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
7. Anti-pseudomonal penicillins are available in parenteral formulations only.
8. Piperacillin is the most potent of Anti-pseudomonal penicillins.
9. Silver nitrate drops in the eyes prevent gonococcal ophthalmia in newborns.
10. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram –ve organism and it presents resistance to antibiotics through its lack of high permeability porins.
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