1. Natural penicillins (penicillin G and penicillin V) are obtained from fermentations of the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum.
2. Gas gangrene is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene. This deadly form of gangrene usually is caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria.
3. Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is caused by Treponema pallidum.
4. Penicillin G (benzyl-penicillin) is the cornerstone of therapy for infections caused by a number of gram-positive organisms, gram-negative organisms, spirochetes and certain anaerobes.
5. Despite widespread use and increase in resistance to many types of bacteria, penicillin remains the drug of choice for the treatment of gas gangrene and syphilis.
6. Penicillin V is only available in oral formulation.
7. Penicillin V is more acid stable than is Penicillin G.
8. Penicillin V has anti-bacterial spectrum similar to that of penicillin G, but not used for treatment of severe infections because of its poor oral absorption rather used in treatment of less severe infections.
9. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin are classified as aminopenicillins or extended-spectrum penicillins.
10. Ampicillin ± gentamicin is the drug of choice for G+ve bacillus Listeria monocytogenes and susceptible enterococcal species.
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